This phase I trial studies the side effects and the best dose of veliparib and dinaciclib given together with or without carboplatin and to see how well they work in treating patients with advanced solid tumors. Veliparib and dinaciclib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as carboplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving veliparib and dinaciclib with or without carboplatin may kill more tumor cells